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"The Carman's Whistle" is the title of a song from the Tudor era The title refers to the occupation of "carman" (or carter, as we would say today). Carmen were known for their habit of whistling, which according to William Chappell was effective in the management of horses. Risqué lyrics have survived including a version entitled "The Courteous Carman and the Amorous maid: Or, The Carman's Whistle".〔 (Description, lyrics and midi file )〕 A version of this tune for the lute has been attributed to Robert Johnson or his father John Johnson. However, the best-known version is a keyboard arrangement by William Byrd, who used the tune as the basis of a set of variations. Byrd's piece was included in two of the most important collections of keyboard music of the Renaissance, ''My Ladye Nevells Booke'' and the ''Fitzwilliam Virginal Book''. ''My Lady Nevells Booke'' is dated 1591, which provides a ''terminus ante quem'' for Byrd's composition.〔( Digitised version of My Ladye Nevells Booke ), British Library〕 ''The Carman's Whistle'' was a popular work in Byrd's lifetime. Davitt Moroney notes that nearly all the surviving sources include fingering, which suggests that the piece was used for teaching purposes. It is in C major, usually regarded as an easy key for keyboard players because its key signature has no sharps/flats. In the twentieth century it was arranged by Percy Grainger. ==Recordings== Recordings include: * Davitt Moroney played the piece on the chamber organ in his recording of Byrd's complete keyboard works.〔Weatherburn, Robert. "William Byrd: The Complete Keyboard Music. Davitt Moroney Playing: Harpsichords, Muselar Virginal, Chamber Organ, Clavichord, Ahrend Organ of l'Eglise-Musee Des Augustins in Toulouse." ''Musical Opinion''. Musical Opinion Ltd. 1999. Accessed via HighBeam Research. 25 Nov. 2014 * Christopher Hogwood recorded the complete ''My Ladye Nevells Booke'' in the 1970s. * Julian Bream, Paul O'Dette and Christopher Wilson have recorded the version by Johnson (whichever one it was). ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Carman's Whistle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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